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2.動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞
英語中有許多由名詞派生的動(dòng)詞,以及由名詞轉(zhuǎn)用的動(dòng)詞,在翻譯時(shí)往往不容易找到相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞,這時(shí)可以將其轉(zhuǎn)譯為名詞。
The giraffe is characterized by its very long neck.
【參考譯文】長頸鹿的特點(diǎn)是脖子很長。
3. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞
在英語中,形容詞常常與系動(dòng)詞搭配構(gòu)成"系表結(jié)構(gòu)"。"系表結(jié)構(gòu)"做謂語,從而使這些形容詞具有了動(dòng)作的意味,翻譯的時(shí)候需轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞。這些形容詞包括表示知覺、思維、情感、欲望等心理狀態(tài)的形容詞。
常見的與思維和知覺相關(guān)的形容詞有:aware, conscious, certain, sure, mindful, ignorant, alert等;與情感相關(guān)的形容詞有:glad, pleased, cautious, careful, angry, happy, exhilarated, excited, confident, thankful, grateful, concerned, eager, afraid, doubtful, sorry等;與欲望相關(guān)的形容詞有:desirous, hopeful, anxious, keen, enthusiastic, zealous等。
【考題例句】
Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.
【參考譯文】達(dá)爾文認(rèn)為,沒有了這些愛好,不僅僅意味著失去快樂,而且可能會(huì)損傷智力,更有甚者還可能損害道德品質(zhì)。(或者"甚至可能導(dǎo)致一個(gè)人道德品質(zhì)的下降")
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